101.
What
are the places we use ABAP code in BW?
Start
routine
Update
routine
InfoPackages
(to populate selection parameters )
Transfer
Rules
Variable
Exits
To
create any generic DataSources
102.
Sales
flow
Quotation
inquiry
Sales order
Delivery
Post goods issue
Invoice
Accounting document
103.
What
is delta queue (RSA7)? When will the data queue here and from where?
Delta
queue stores records that have been generated after last delta upload
and yet to be sent to BW. The queued data will be sent to BW from
here. Depending on the method selected, generated records will either
come directly to this queue or through extraction queue.
104.
What
is Extraction Queue? What does it contain?
a.
Newly
generated records will be stored in the extraction queue and from
there a scheduled job will push it to delta queue.
105.
What
are Serialized and Unserialized V3 updates?
In
serialized V3 Update data
is transferred from the LIS communication structure, using extract
structures (e.g. MC02M_0HDR for the header purchase documents), into
a central delta management area.
With
Unserialized V3 Update mode, the extraction data continues to be
written to the update tables using a V3 update module and then is
read and processed by a collective update run (through LBWE).
106.
5
different types of Source Systems are:
SAP
Systems – SAP Basis Release 3.11 and above – SAPI
DataBases
– Use SAP DB Connect
External
Systems – BAPI
File
Systems
SAP
BW
107.
4
different types of DataSources:
Transaction
Data
Attributes
Texts
Hierarchy
108.
2
types of InfoSources:
Direct
InfoSource
Flexible
InfoSource
109.
3
types of Transfer Rules:
The
fields copied from the Transfer Structure and are not modified
Fixed
Value can be assigned to an InfoObject
An
ABAP routine or a form field determines the value of the InfoObject
110.
6
types of connections between the Source Systems and the BW:
RFC
Connections
ALE
Settings
Partner
Agreements
Ports
IDoc
Types
IDoc
Segments
111.
What
is Transfer Method and what are the types of Transfer Methods?
The
transfer method only determines how the data is transferred.
o
IDoc
transfer method:
A data IDoc consists of a control record, a data record, and a status
record. The control record contains administration information such
as receiver, sender, and client. The status record describes the
status of the IDoc, for example "modified". The data stores
in the ALE inbox and outbox have to be emptied or reorganized.
o
PSA
(tRFC) transfer method:
With this transfer method, a transactional Remote Function Call is
used to transfer the data directly from the source system to the SAP
BW. Here, there is the option of storing the data in the PSA (the
tables have the same structure as the transfer structure.) This is
the preferred transfer method, because it improves performance better
than the IDoc method. When you use tRFCs to transfer data, the
maximum number of fields that can be used is restricted to 255. The
length of a data record is also restricted to 1962 bytes when you use
tRFCs (IDoc --> 1000 bytes.)
112.
6
control Parameters for Transferring Data: (SBIW
General settings)
Source
System
Maximum
size of the DataPackage
Maximum
number of rows in a DataPackage
Frequency
Maximum
number of parallel processes during the transfer of data
Target
system for batch job
113.
3
uses of SAPI technology:
Transfer
data and Metadata from SAP Systems
Transfer
data from XML files
Transfer
data between BW data targets or from one BW system to another (Data
Marts)
114.
4
functions of LO Cockpit:
Maintaining
Extract Structures
Maintaining
DataSources
Activating
Updates
Controlling
Updates
115.
3
update Methods for InfoPackage:
Full
Update
Initialize
Delta
Delta
Update
116.
3
update Methods in Logistics Extraction:
Direct
Delta
Queued
Delta
Unserialized
V3 Update
117.
4
advantages of LO Extraction:
Improved
performance and reduced volumes of data
Simple
handling
Standardized
solution for all Logistics applications
No
use of LIS functions
118.
DataSource:
Customer version edit:
Field
Name
Short
Text
Selection
Hide
Field
Inversion
Field
only known in Customer Exit
119.
8
Delta Terms:
a.
Service
API:
Layer in the source system that sends requests and starts extractors.
a.
Delta
Management:
A group of programs for the delta queue that control the transaction
data delta.
b.
Update
Mode (init, full, delta, and so on):
A term that describes which data is requested.
c.
Delta
Queue:
A holding area for new and modified (delta) records in the SAP
system.
d.
Delta
Types:
A term that describes how the data gets into the delta queue.
e.
Serialization:
The sequence in which the data records arrive in BW.
f.
Record
Mode:
A description of the contents of a record.
g.
Delta
Method:
A term that classifies a DataSource according to record mode,
serialization, and delta type.
120.
5
update modes:
Update
mode “F”
= Full Update: Available for all DataSources
Update
mode “C”
= Initialization Delta: If the extractor supports deltas, it must be
initialized prior to a delta run. Selection conditions are saved.
Finally, a full upload is started for the selected range of data.
Additional settings are saved to allow for future delta uploads.
Update
mode “D”
= Delta: If the extractor supports deltas, only new or changed
records are sent.
Update
mode “R”
= Repeat: If a delta is showing a RED traffic light status then a
dialog box prompts to decide whether or not the last group of delta
records needs to be reloaded.
Update
Mode “A”
= Master Data. Master data does not however use the delta queue
functions
121.
3
ways to load a delta queue:
At
the time of the transaction – Direct Delta
At
a later date after the transaction (V3 job) – Queued Delta
At
the time the extractor job is called by BW – Unserialized V3 Update
122.
6
types of Record Mode: 0RECORDMODE is an InfoObject that specifies the
method in which delta information is supplied.
“After
Image” = Record Mode “ ” - The way a record looks after the
change
“Before
Image” = Record Mode “X” - The way a record looked before the
change
“Additive
Image” = Record Mode “A” - Shows only the difference for all
numeric values
“New
Image” = Record Mode “N” - For each change, a new, unique
record is generated
“Delete”
= Record Mode “D” - Only provides the key information required to
make a deletion
“Reverse”
= Record Mode = “R” - Sends information to numerically “cancel”
a deleted record.
123.
2
points where Currency Translation can take place:
When
data is updated in the InfoProvider, currency can be determined for
the Key Figure
When
analyzing data in the BEx, we can determine the currency conversion
key and target currency for each structure part separately.
124.
There
is one product of color black and one is pink. The color properties
should be displayed when the query is run but it is not displaying.
What might be the problem?
Check
if the colors have been checked as navigational attribute of
material.
Check
if master data for the same is maintained and extracted in BW.
125.
What
is the importance of Compounding of InfoObjects?
This
defines a superior InfoObject which must be combined to define
another InfoObject and it makes the superior InfoObject uniquely
identifiable. For example, in a Plant, there can be some similar
products manufactured. (Plant A-- Soap, Paste, Lotion; plant B--Soap,
paste, Lotion) In this case Plant A and Plant B should be made
unique. So the characteristics can be compounded to make them unique.
126.
What
is delta upload? What is the use of delta upload?
When
transactional data is pulled from R3 system instead of pulling all
the data daily (Instead of having full load), if we pull only the
changed records, or newly added records, the load on the system will
be very less.
127.
What
is SID? What is the impact in using SID?
SIDs
are Surrogate IDs which are system generated numbers and assigned to
each characteristic value when they are uploaded. Search on Numeric
character is faster than Alpha characters and hence SIDs.
128.
What
are the three tables of ODS Objects? Explain?
ODS
has three database tables. New Table, Active Table and Change Log
Table. Initially new data are loaded and their traces are kept in
Change log table. When another set of data comes, it actually
compares with change log and transfers the data (delta data) into
active table and also notes in Change log. Every time the tables are
compared and data is written into the targets.
129.
Other
than BW, what are the other ETL tools used for SAP R/3 in industry?
Informatica,
ACTA, COGNOS, Business Objects are other ETL tools.
130.
Does
any other ERP software use BW for data warehousing?
No.
131.
What
is the importance of hierarchies?
One
can display the elements of characteristics in hierarchy form and
evaluate query data for the individual hierarchy levels in the BEx
(in Web applications or in the BEx Analyzer).
132.
What
are hierarchies? Explain how you used in your project?
Hierarchies
are organizing data in a structured way. For example BOM (Bill of
material) can be configured as hierarchies.
133.
Where
is 0RECORDMODE InfoObject used?
It
is an InfoObject which specifies the method in which the delta
information is supplied. ODS uses 0RECORDMODE for delta load.
0RECORDMODE can have any of the 6 values as “ ”, “X”, “A”,
“N”, “D” & “R”.
134.
Are
all the characteristics - key fields in an ODS?
No.
An ODS object contains key fields (for example, document number/item)
and data fields that can also contain character fields (for example,
order status, customer).
135.
What
is the use BAPI, ALE?
BAPI
& ALE are programs to extract data from DataSources. BW connects
SAP systems (R/3 or BW) and flat files via ALE. BW connects with non
SAP systems via BAPI.
136.
Where
to check the log for warning messages appearing in activation of
transfer rules?
If
transfer rules are not defined for InfoObjects, then traffic lights
will not be green.
137.
Can
we load transaction data into InfoCube without loading the master
data first?
Yes.
138.
What
is difference between saving and activating?
In
BIW, Saving
actually saves the defined structure and retrieves whenever required.
Activating
It saves and generates required tables and structures.
139.
What
is time dependent master data?
Time
dependant master data are one which keeps changing according to time.
For example: Assume a Scenario, Sales person A works in East Zone
till (Jan 30th 2004), and then moves to North Zone from Jan31st 2004.
Thus the master data with regard to Sales person A, should be changed
to different zone based on a time
140.
What
does delta initialization do?
It
initializes the delta Update mechanism for that DataSource.
141.
What
is difference between delta and pseudo delta?
Some
data targets and modules have delta Update feature. Those can be used
for delta Update of data. Say ODS, InfoCube, COPA are delta capable.
Data can be expected stage wise. After first accumulation of data,
BIW expects the data in delta for these data target. When a data
target does not have this feature (delta update), it can be made
delta capable using ODS as data target.
142.
What
is Third Normal Form and its comparison with Star Schema?
Third
normal form is normalized form of storing data in a relational
database. It eliminates functional dependencies on non-key fields by
putting them in a separate table. At this stage, all non-key fields
are dependent on only the key.
Star
schema is a demoralized form of storing data, which paves the path
for storing data in a multi-dimensional model.
143.
What
is Life period of data in Change Log of an ODS?
The
data of Change Log can be scheduled to be deleted periodically.
Usually the Data is removed after it has been updated into the data
targets.
144.
What
are Inbound and Consistent ODSs?
In
an Inbound ODS object, the data is saved in the same form as it was
when delivered from the source system. This ODS type can be used to
report the original data as it comes from the source system.
In
a Consistent ODS object, data is stored in granular form and
consolidated. This consolidated data on a document level creates the
basis for further processing in BW.
145.
What
is Life period of data in PSA?
Data
in PSA is deleted when one feels that there is no use of it in
future. There is a trade off between wastage of space and use as a
back up.
146.
How
to load data from one InfoCube to another?
A
DataSource is created from the InfoCube which is supposed to feed.
This can be done by right-clicking on the InfoCube and selecting
export DataSource. Then a suitable InfoSource can be created for this
DataSource. And the intended data target InfoCube can be fed.
147.
What
is activation of objects?
Activation
of objects enables them to be executed, in other words used elsewhere
for different purposes. Unless an object is activated it cannot be
used.
148.
What
is transactional ODS?
A
transactional ODS object differs from a standard ODS object in the
way it prepares data. In a standard ODS object, data is stored in
different versions (active, delta, modified); whereas a transactional
ODS object contains the data in a single version. Therefore, data is
stored in precisely the same form in which it was written to the
transactional ODS object by the application.
149.
Are
SIDs static or dynamic?
SIDs
are static.
150.
Is
data in InfoCube editable?
No.